Without broader reforms to address high costs of living and rural-urban divides, China’s new policy could make the difficult problem of a declining fertility rate even worse.
Changing to a three-child policy will not automatically increase the fertility rate, argues Nancy Qian. Credit: Peter Morgan, Creative Commons
IRVINE – In an effort to address rapid population aging, China has just announced that it will allow all families to have up to three children. The decision comes on the heels of widely publicized new data showing that the Chinese fertility rate in 2020 was only 1.3 per woman, which is similar to that of Japan (1.36 in 2019) and notably lower than that of the United States (1.7).
But a below-replacement fertility rate is only one part of China’s demographic problem. A second issue is
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